When students ask me how and why I became a sociologist, the question always forces me to pause and reflect. The pause and reflection may surprise many students, since my road to sociology was a zig zag road with many unforeseen detours and dead-ends. As a pre-teen, I was a tinker and fancied myself a fixer and technician. Taking apart working clocks and radios was a challenge I could not resist, and being punished for such inquisitiveness, since I usually did not have he skills for making the once working items work again, did not cause me to desist in such behavior. It was about this time when I decided that I wanted to become a physician. Looking back, I had a vague recollection of our family doctor, Dr. Hoffman, once telling me that I had a technical mind and might become a physician. In my youth enthusiasm I might have thought he said should, rather than might. In any case, the thought of becoming a physician stuck in my mind even as would venture into other areas of interest, the chief of these being music.

“Professorial Tourism: Reflections on Examples” examines conferences that combine scholarly presentations with tourist activities that are organized by the conference itself. These are distinct from conferences where tourist activities are simply an aspect of the city or country where the conference is held. Particular attention is paid to the annual Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Conference (F&Y) and to the triennial meetings of the International Association of University Professors of English (IAUPE), with comments as well on the Willa Cather Conference (WCC) and the Dickens Project (DP). Discussion centers 1) on the reasons cities and institutions (colleges and universities) choose to host these conferences and 2) on the divergent needs of the three groups of attendees: scholars, general readers, and accompanying persons (usually spouses/partners). The discussion also draws on my personal experiences as a frequent attendee at F&Y and IAUPE. The article concludes with a speculation about what the future holds for these conferences and similar conferences, as the authors on which they focus cease to be contemporaries of the attendees.

The body of literature that interrogates the various systemic dimensions of gender inequity and oppression is unarguably large, with many scholars intellectually stimulating accounts of how the females have been carefully marginalized, oppressed and eventually subjugated. Even when these works are protruding, there has been a paucity of works that examines the narratives of stratification that are used by the different patriarchal societies to sustain this culture of inequity. Consequently, this work has the mandate to consider this, specifically. Using the feminist theory, it is gathered that in other for many institutions of patriarchy to continue its dominance, there have been different narratives that are used to aid their provincial agenda. These narratives are powerful to the extent that once adopted, they become potent in the hands of everyone, including the female themselves, and the resultant consequence is that they are left to permanently occupy second-class positions in their societies and this has various negative outcomes on them. The study therefore concludes that there is the need to reconsider these narratives so that females that attain a level of freedom that they actually deserve and that they can live with their integrity undenied.

The issue of the right of persons with disabilities (PWD) to work through working age is guaranteed by law. As as a result, targeted measures, programs, and projects aimed at setting quotas for businesses, encouraging the self-employment of PWD, and rewarding employers have been implemented for some time in Mongolia. Implementation has been poor and this has led to violations of the rights of PWD to work. The main factors contributing to this are the lack of coordination, reconciliation, and management practices between line ministries ensur the implementation of the law and the public administration bodies that coordinate their activities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a coherent system to ensure the rights of PWDs to work in Mongolia, to implement better management methods, and to improve the effectiveness of ongoing activity. One of the decisive actions to address this is to study the regulatory mechanisms of developed countries and to practice advanced methods and technologies suitable for the conditions of Mongolia through benchmarking. In this article, we aim to develop recommendations for policymakers and implementers on how to create effective and equitable employment and work opportunities for PWDs. This involves the use of primary and secondary sources to provide meaningful answers through an evidence-based study. Survey data has been collected from relevant public administration employees and representatives of PWDs who are currently employed or wish to work, questionnaires, and interviews. The organizational system is compared with other countries, and the logical sequence of activities is analyzed. According to the survey results, the provisions of the legal documents for PWDs are not specified, other related legal documents are unconsolidated. There is no integrated database, and insufficient access to employment and career counseling services. Social psychology is not ready. It is concluded that the coordination and organizational backwardness of state organizations have a negative impact on the employment of PWDs. Accordingly, their rights are being violated.

Copyright is the right of creation, created by the human brain and this type of property is protected under copyright law just as physical property is protected by law. Copyright infringement is considered a punishable offence and can be said to be a violation of human rights in the eyes of Islamic Law. The main reason for these copyright violations is the lack of clarity among students about the Islamic Laws status of copyright protection. The primary objective of this study is to find out how copyright law is compliant with Islamic law. This is a qualitative study in the form of a library survey. According to the findings of the study, the Copyright Act No. 36 of 2003, which is in force in Sri Lanka comply with Islamic Law in most cases In some places the fundamentals of the Shariah appear to be inconsistent, such as the need to explicitly define rights within the law, such as providing legal protection for Musical works, art, photographs, paintings, and sculptures, as well as providing legal protection to the translation work lead to the apostasy of Almighty, as well as the need to explicitly define the rights to exchange and licensing copyright.

Even my most recent published work on the Georgia project has neglected a thorough consideration of the work of living historians on Reconstruction, in Georgia and more generally, and has tended to downplay the revisionist strain of my work, both in my reading of Reconstruction historians and in my reading of Marxist theories of revolutions and modes of production. Here I attempt to rectify that oversight by responding directly to some of the comments of historians who have reviewed my work.